Three Days in Zhangzhou（漳州）: A Journey Through History, Mountains, and Sea
Zhangzhou, located in southern Fujian Province（福建省）, offers a rich blend of cultural heritage and coastal beauty. One of its most iconic attractions is the Fujian Tulou（土楼）, unique earthen buildings built by the Hakka people. These round or square communal homes are architectural marvels, known for their defensive design and harmonious integration with nature. Visiting places like Tianluokeng and Yuchang Building provides a glimpse into centuries-old rural life and the enduring spirit of the Hakka culture.
Beyond the mountains, Dongshan Island（东山岛） offers a completely different experience. As the second-largest island in Fujian, it boasts crystal-clear waters, white sand beaches, and dramatic coastal rock formations. Tourists can enjoy seafood feasts, explore historic sites like the ancient Tongshan Castle, and relax by the sea. Water sports and island-hopping activities are popular among younger travelers.
Zhangzhou’s tourism is further enriched by its traditional cuisine, tea culture, and friendly local communities. Whether you’re exploring inland villages surrounded by lush hills or sunbathing on a quiet beach, Zhangzhou provides a refreshing mix of history, nature, and leisure. It’s an ideal destination for travelers seeking both cultural depth and scenic escape.
Exploring Nanjing Tulou（南靖土楼）: Ancient Earthen Wonders of Fujian
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Nanjing County, located in the southern part of Fujian Province, is home to some of the most iconic and fascinating examples of Tulou, or earthen buildings. These massive, fortress-like structures were built by the Hakka people centuries ago and have become symbols of resilience, community, and architectural genius. Recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Nanjing Tulou attract visitors from all over the world who are eager to explore their history, design, and cultural significance.
Types and Famous Clusters of Tulou in Nanjing
Nanjing is famous for several well-preserved Tulou clusters, each with its own charm and story. The most visited include:
Tianluokeng Tulou Cluster (田螺坑土楼群): Known as the “Four Dishes and One Soup,” this iconic cluster consists of one square Tulou in the center, surrounded by three round ones and one oval Tulou. Perched on a hillside, the view from above is breathtaking.
Yuchang Building (裕昌楼): One of the oldest and tallest Tulou in the area, Yuchang is a five-story round Tulou built in 1308. Its wooden structure tilts slightly but has remained stable for over 700 years.
Hegui Building (和贵楼): Built on a swamp, this square Tulou is known for its unique foundation. Its name, meaning “Harmony and Nobility,” reflects the community values of the Hakka people.
Huaiyuan Building (怀远楼): Built in 1905, Huaiyuan Tulou features beautifully carved beams and columns, showcasing a more refined architectural style with strong Confucian influences.
History of Tulou
Tulou emerged as a response to social instability and the need for defense during the late Song to early Ming dynasties. Built by the Hakka, a Han Chinese subgroup that migrated south from northern China, these structures served as both homes and fortresses. Entire clans lived together in these Tulou, which could house up to 800 people.
Constructed from earth, wood, bamboo, and stone, Tulou were designed to withstand bandit attacks, earthquakes, and the elements. Their thick walls—up to two meters wide—provided insulation and security. At the same time, the layout promoted communal living, with rooms arranged around a central courtyard.
Features of Nanjing Tulou
Nanjing Tulou are renowned for their:
·Round and square shapes: The circular Tulou are especially famous, symbolizing unity and equality. Square Tulou were often modeled after northern Chinese courtyard homes.
·Eco-friendly materials: Built with rammed earth, sticky rice, brown sugar, and even bamboo, these buildings are sustainable and naturally climate-controlled.
·Community-focused design: Tulou were built for large families or entire clans. Each family occupied a vertical unit spanning all floors—from kitchen to bedroom—while public activities took place in the central courtyard.
·Aesthetic simplicity and symmetry: Though built with practical purposes in mind, Tulou display an elegant balance of form and function.
How to Visit Nanjing Tulou
Nanjing Tulou can be accessed from Xiamen, the nearest major city, about 2.5–3 hours away by car or bus. Travelers typically base themselves in Shuyang Town, the gateway to the Tulou scenic areas.
Tickets to the Tulou scenic zones usually cover multiple buildings and clusters. The most popular way to explore is:
1.Join a guided tour: Local guides offer rich historical context and help you understand the symbolism and construction techniques.
2.Walk through the villages: Many Tulou are still inhabited, and respectful visitors can witness local life up close—cooking, weaving, tea-making.
3.Enjoy panoramic viewpoints: Especially above Tianluokeng, where the view at sunrise or sunset is unforgettable.
4.Stay overnight: Some Tulou offer homestays. Sleeping inside a 700-year-old earthen building is a unique cultural experience.
Dongshan Island（东山岛）: A Coastal Paradise of Nature and Serenity
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Nestled along the southeastern coast of Fujian Province, Dongshan Island is a hidden gem that offers a captivating blend of pristine beaches, dramatic mountain views, and one-of-a-kind coastal formations. As the second-largest island in Fujian, Dongshan is relatively untouched by mass tourism, making it an ideal destination for those seeking natural beauty, peaceful surroundings, and authentic local culture. Among its many highlights, Nanmen Bay, Sufeng Mountain, and the enchanting Fishbone Sandbar stand out as must-see attractions.
Nanmen Bay（南门湾）: Where History Meets Tranquility
Nanmen Bay (南门湾) is one of Dongshan Island’s most iconic and tranquil spots. Located near Dongshan Town, it offers a postcard-perfect view of gentle waves, colorful fishing boats, and traditional Fujian-style houses along the shore. The calm waters of the bay are framed by a crescent-shaped coastline, creating a peaceful harbor-like setting.
In the early morning, the bay is shrouded in mist, offering a dreamlike atmosphere for photography lovers. At sunset, the sky turns golden, casting a warm glow across the fishing boats returning home. The boardwalk around the bay is ideal for a scenic walk, with small cafes and local seafood stalls along the way. It’s a great place to enjoy the authentic slow-paced island life.
Sufeng Mountain（苏峰山）: A View from the Top
Sufeng Mountain (苏峰山) rises above the center of the island and offers one of the most breathtaking panoramic views in Dongshan. Winding mountain roads lead to the summit, where visitors are rewarded with sweeping views of the ocean, distant islands, and the townships below. The climb is relatively easy, making it accessible for hikers of all skill levels.
At the peak, a viewing platform allows you to take in the stunning 360-degree coastal landscape, especially dramatic at sunrise or sunset. The fresh air, gentle breeze, and endless blue sea make Sufeng Mountain a perfect place for meditation, nature walks, and photography. On clear days, you might even see the outlines of nearby islands stretching far into the Taiwan Strait.
Fishbone Sandbar（鱼骨沙洲）: Nature’s Artwork
One of the most magical and Instagram-famous sights on Dongshan Island is the Fishbone Sandbar (鱼骨沙洲). This narrow, zigzag-shaped sand formation stretches into the sea like a fishbone, especially visible during low tide. Surrounded by shallow turquoise water on both sides, it creates the illusion of walking on water, drawing in curious travelers and photographers alike.
The sandbar is located near the Maluan Bay area and is best visited during the ebb tide, when the full shape emerges from the sea. It’s a popular place for drone photography thanks to its surreal geometry and color contrast. Couples often come here for romantic photos, and some even refer to it as Dongshan’s version of the “Path to Heaven.”
What makes the Fishbone Sandbar especially fascinating is its ever-changing shape—formed and reshaped by natural ocean currents. It’s not just a scenic spot, but a testament to the delicate relationship between land and sea.
More Than Scenery: Local Charm and Culture
Beyond the beautiful landscapes, Dongshan Island is also known for its fresh seafood, laid-back fishing villages, and unique cultural heritage. Traditional stone houses, local temples, and vibrant coastal markets add a human touch to the natural scenery. Visitors can enjoy local dishes like oyster omelets, seaweed soup, and freshly grilled squid while chatting with friendly locals.
Whether you’re here for the sunrise on Sufeng Mountain, a peaceful stroll around Nanmen Bay, or a magical walk on the Fishbone Sandbar, Dongshan Island offers something deeply relaxing and unforgettable.
Zhangzhou Ancient City（漳州古城）
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Zhangzhou Ancient City is a charming destination that blends history, architecture, and local culture. With a history dating back over 1,300 years, the city was once an important political, economic, and cultural center during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Today, it remains a vibrant living city that preserves the essence of traditional Minnan (southern Fujian) life.
Walking through the old streets of Zhangzhou Ancient City, you’ll find well-preserved ancestral halls, traditional courtyards, red brick houses, and stone-paved alleys. The city’s layout follows the ancient Chinese principle of feng shui, with streets arranged in a grid and buildings aligned with nature. Key attractions include the Zhangzhou Confucian Temple, one of the oldest and largest in the region, and various clan halls showcasing intricate wood carvings and stone sculptures.
What makes Zhangzhou Ancient City unique is that it’s not just a museum-like historic district—it’s still home to local residents, teahouses, markets, and traditional snacks. As you explore, you can taste local specialties like popiah (runbing), Zhangzhou-style noodles, and sweet taro soup.
Cultural festivals and traditional performances often take place in the ancient streets, offering visitors a glimpse into Minnan folk customs. Whether you’re interested in architecture, cuisine, or daily life, Zhangzhou Ancient City offers an immersive, authentic experience that connects the past and present.
Zhangzhou Cuisine
Zhangzhou, located in southern Fujian, is known for its flavorful and comforting Minnan-style cuisine. The food here emphasizes fresh ingredients, balanced seasoning, and a touch of natural sweetness. Seafood plays a key role, thanks to the region’s coastal geography. Soups, stir-fries, and steamed dishes are commonly enjoyed with rice or noodles. Street snacks and traditional desserts are also beloved by locals. Zhangzhou cuisine reflects the city’s deep cultural roots and hospitality—every dish tells a story of family, tradition, and celebration. Whether you’re dining in a small alley shop or at a banquet, you’ll taste authentic Fujian warmth.
Popiah (Runbing, 润饼)
Popiah is one of Zhangzhou’s most iconic street foods. It’s a soft, paper-thin wheat wrap filled with shredded vegetables, egg, peanuts, and sometimes pork or shrimp. The fillings are stir-fried and slightly sweet, giving the roll a savory-sweet balance. Zhangzhou-style popiah is famous for its rich peanut flavor and tender bite. It’s often eaten during festivals like Qingming, but it’s a year-round favorite for locals. You can find it in small shops and traditional markets. Watching it freshly made by hand is part of the experience. Popiah reflects the region’s values of freshness, family, and seasonal celebration.
Satay Noodles (沙茶面)
Satay noodles are a delicious fusion of Southeast Asian and Minnan flavors. The dish features noodles in a fragrant, spicy satay broth made from peanuts, garlic, and spices. Diners can customize toppings—like shrimp, beef, squid, tofu, or boiled egg. The broth is rich and slightly creamy, with a unique smoky flavor. Originally introduced through trade with Southeast Asia, Zhangzhou’s satay noodles have become a beloved comfort food. You’ll find satay noodle stalls throughout the city, often buzzing with locals at breakfast or lunch. It’s a must-try for visitors seeking a bold, flavorful bowl with a touch of cultural history.
Oyster Omelet (蚵仔煎)
Oyster omelets are a staple of Zhangzhou’s night markets. Fresh oysters are mixed with eggs and a starchy batter, then pan-fried to a crispy-golden perfection. The texture is both crispy and chewy, while the oysters bring a briny, ocean-fresh flavor. A sweet-savory sauce is drizzled on top for extra richness. Zhangzhou’s version is more delicate than some regional variants, often using smaller oysters and a lighter touch of starch. This snack reflects the city’s coastal roots and love for seafood. Locals enjoy it as an evening treat, best eaten hot and fresh with a side of garlic chili sauce.
Taro Paste (芋泥)
Taro paste is a traditional Zhangzhou dessert that’s smooth, sweet, and satisfyingly rich. Made from steamed taro mashed with lard and sugar, it has a silky texture and light purple hue. Sometimes it’s topped with ginkgo nuts or pumpkin for extra contrast. Served warm or room temperature, it melts in your mouth with a creamy, slightly nutty flavor. Often enjoyed during family banquets or special occasions, taro paste symbolizes prosperity and togetherness. It’s a comforting way to end a meal in Zhangzhou and showcases the city’s love for refined, yet humble, desserts made from natural ingredients and care.
Transportation in Zhangzhou
Traveling between Zhangzhou Ancient City, Nanjing Tulou, and Dongshan Island is convenient by road. From Zhangzhou Ancient City to Nanjing Tulou, it takes about 1.5 to 2 hours by car or tourist shuttle. Buses also run daily from Zhangzhou’s main bus station to Nanjing County. From Nanjing Tulou to Dongshan Island, the drive takes around 2.5 to 3 hours. Although there are limited direct buses, hiring a car or joining a local tour is recommended for flexibility. From Zhangzhou to Dongshan Island, it’s about 2 hours by high-speed train to Dongshan Station, followed by a short taxi ride. The best way to explore these destinations is by private car or guided tour, especially if you want to visit multiple tulou clusters and enjoy the coastal views of Dongshan. This allows for a comfortable, flexible schedule while covering key scenic spots.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Zhangzhou, including Nanjing Tulou and Dongshan Island, is from March to May and September to November. During these months, the weather is mild and comfortable—perfect for exploring tulou villages and enjoying coastal scenery. Spring brings blooming flowers and green rice terraces, while autumn offers clear skies and golden sunsets. Summer can be hot and humid, especially on Dongshan Island, and typhoons may occur. Winter is cooler but still suitable for travel, with fewer tourists. Overall, spring and autumn provide the most pleasant experience for sightseeing, hiking, and photography in this scenic region.
A 3-Day Travel Itinerary
Day 1 – Explore Zhangzhou Ancient City（漳州古城）
Check into your hotel in Zhangzhou city center
Stroll through Zhangzhou Ancient City and admire its traditional architecture
Visit the Confucian Temple and local ancestral halls
Enjoy lunch at a traditional Minnan-style restaurant
Try famous snacks like popiah, taro dessert, and satay noodles
In the afternoon, visit Zhangzhou Museum for local history and culture
Watch a traditional puppet or Nanyin music performance if available
Have dinner at a teahouse while sampling more local specialties
Return to hotel and rest for the next day’s countryside trip
Day 2 – Discover Nanjing Tulou Clusters(南靖土楼)
Depart early by private car or guided tour to Nanjing County (about 1.5–2 hours)
Start with Tianluokeng Tulou Cluster, known for its “Four Dishes and One Soup” layout
Walk around Taxia Village and enjoy its riverside charm and Hakka culture
Visit Yuchang Building, the tallest and most tilted tulou
Have a traditional Hakka lunch at a local farm-style restaurant
Explore the Hegui Building or other lesser-known tulou for a quieter experience
Return to Zhangzhou City in the evening and have a relaxed dinner
Optional evening walk through night markets or enjoy local dessert
Day 3 – Coastal Beauty at Dongshan Island（东山岛）
Take a morning train or drive to Dongshan Island (2–2.5 hours from Zhangzhou)
Start at South Gate Bay (Nanmenwan，南门湾) and enjoy its calm, clear waters
Climb Sufeng Mountain (Su Feng Shan，苏峰山) for panoramic ocean views and photo ops
Have a fresh seafood lunch by the harbor—try oysters, clams, and Dongshan fish soup
Explore Yudai Sandbar (Fishbone Sandbar，鱼骨沙洲), a unique strip of sand that emerges with the tide
Relax at the beach or rent a bike to ride along the coast
Return to Zhangzhou or stay overnight at a seaside guesthouse if time allows
End the trip with a peaceful sunset by the sea
From ancient city streets and majestic tulou to golden beaches and seafood feasts, Zhangzhou offers a perfect blend of culture, heritage, and natural beauty in just three unforgettable days.
