Xiangxi(湘西)：An exploration into the historical culture and architecture of the Miao and Tujia ethnic groups

Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, located in the western part of Hunan Province（湖南省）, China, is a culturally rich and picturesque region. It is home to various ethnic groups, primarily the Tujia and Miao people, who have preserved their traditional customs, languages, and festivals for centuries. The area is known for its stunning natural landscapes, including the Wulingyuan Scenic Area, a UNESCO World Heritage site famous for its dramatic sandstone pillars, deep ravines, and lush forests.

Xiangxi also boasts rich cultural heritage, with traditional wooden houses, vibrant festivals like the Miao New Year, and unique crafts such as batik and silver jewelry. The local cuisine, influenced by the Miao and Tujia cultures, features spicy and flavorful dishes, often incorporating local ingredients like chili peppers, rice, and pork. The region’s history, folk arts, and stunning scenery make it an increasingly popular destination for travelers looking to experience the diversity of China’s ethnic cultures and natural beauty.

The places you absolutely must visit

Furong Town(芙蓉镇)

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Furong Town, located in the western part of Hunan Province, is famous for its picturesque beauty and well-preserved architecture. The town, which is built on the banks of the Tuo River, is known for its stunning waterfalls that cascade down the cliffs. The town’s ancient buildings, constructed in traditional Chinese wooden architecture, provide a glimpse into the past. 

Furong Town also has a rich cultural history, having served as a location for numerous films, including the popular 2003 Chinese movie “Furong Town.” The town’s layout is characterized by narrow lanes, traditional wooden houses, and charming markets selling local crafts. Visitors can explore the natural beauty of the area, with opportunities for hiking, boat tours, and photography. Furong Town’s unique landscape and historical significance make it a fascinating destination for those interested in China’s traditional architecture and natural beauty.

Phoenix Ancient Town（凤凰古城）

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Phoenix Ancient Town (Fenghuang) is a well-preserved historical town in Xiangxi, Hunan Province, famed for its traditional architecture and vibrant ethnic culture. The town, located along the Tuo River, is known for its ancient wooden houses, narrow cobblestone streets, and rich history. Founded over 300 years ago, Phoenix Ancient Town has become a popular tourist destination, drawing visitors with its blend of historical significance and scenic beauty. 

The town is home to various ethnic groups, including the Miao and Tujia people, whose culture is reflected in the town’s architecture, crafts, and festivals. Traditional Miao silver jewelry, handwoven textiles, and batik art can be found throughout the town. Phoenix Ancient Town also offers a glimpse into China’s cultural diversity, with numerous temples, ancestral halls, and ancient bridges dotting the landscape. The Tuo River, which runs through the town, adds to its charm, especially during boat rides at sunset. With its blend of rich history, traditional culture, and stunning scenery, Phoenix Ancient Town remains one of China’s most iconic heritage sites.

Chadong Ancient Town（茶峒古镇）

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Chadong Ancient Town, located in the heart of Xiangxi, is a small yet culturally rich town that has remained largely untouched by modern development. Known for its deep connection to the works of famed writer Shen Congwen, Chadong holds a special place in Chinese literary history. Shen, born in the town, often drew inspiration from the surrounding landscape and the lives of local people in his writings. His works, such as Border Town, reflect the simplicity, beauty, and hardships of rural life, which is evident in Chadong’s tranquil streets, traditional architecture, and rural lifestyle. Visitors can explore the town’s old houses, ancient alleys, and peaceful surroundings, offering a step back in time.

 The local Miao and Tujia cultures are still present, with traditional crafts, festivals, and rituals observed by the residents. Chadong Ancient Town is a place where literature, history, and culture intersect, offering a unique insight into the region’s past. Shen Congwen’s legacy continues to resonate in the town’s atmosphere, making it a must-visit for literature enthusiasts and history buffs alike.

Shibadong Village（十八洞村）

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Shibadong Village, located in the mountainous area of Xiangxi, is internationally known for its successful poverty alleviation project, which has become a model for rural development in China. The village, home to the Miao ethnic group, has transformed through targeted government programs and local initiatives aimed at improving living conditions. Through investments in infrastructure, education, and tourism, Shibadong lifted itself from poverty and became a symbol of China’s fight against rural poverty. 

The village is now famous for its beautiful terraced fields, traditional Miao houses, and vibrant culture. The local Miao people continue to preserve their customs, including unique embroidery, traditional clothing, and lively festivals. Visitors to Shibadong can enjoy the stunning natural beauty, learn about the village’s development, and experience the rich Miao culture. The village also serves as an example of how poverty alleviation programs can revitalize rural communities while maintaining cultural heritage. Shibadong’s success has been widely recognized as a significant achievement in China’s rural revitalization efforts.

Aizhai Bridge（矮寨大桥）

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The Aizhai Bridge, located in the Jishou area of Hunan Province, is one of the highest suspension bridges in the world, standing at a height of 355 meters above the valley floor. Part of the G65 Baotou-Maoming Expressway, the bridge spans the deep Aizhai Gorge, connecting the city to neighboring areas. Completed in 2012, the bridge is an engineering marvel, with a total length of 1,176 meters. Its impressive structure, supported by massive cables and towering pylons, offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountainous landscape. The Aizhai Bridge not only serves as a critical transportation link but has also become a tourist attraction due to its stunning visual appeal and the surrounding natural beauty. It showcases China’s capabilities in modern infrastructure and engineering while dramatically improving access to remote areas, contributing to the region’s economic growth.

Xiangxi Flavor Feast

In the Xiangxi region, food plays a vital role in daily life, with strong influences from the Miao and Tujia ethnic groups. The diet is often centered around rice, corn, and various meats like pork, chicken, and beef. Due to the region’s mountainous terrain, local cuisine features bold, spicy flavors, with an abundance of chili peppers, garlic, and fermented products. Traditional cooking methods include grilling, stir-frying, and steaming. Rice and corn are staples, often served with a variety of vegetable and meat dishes. Fermented foods, such as pickles and fermented beans, are also common, reflecting the area’s deep cultural heritage and agricultural practices.

Miao-Style Sour Fish Soup (苗族酸汤鱼)

Miao-style Sour Fish Soup is a unique and flavorful dish originating from the Miao ethnic group. The soup is made with freshwater fish, typically carp or catfish, which is simmered in a tangy broth infused with pickled vegetables, chili peppers, and a variety of aromatic herbs. The sourness comes from the pickled vegetables and fermented ingredients, creating a harmonious balance with the richness of the fish. This dish is typically enjoyed with steamed rice and is a staple in the region. The combination of spicy, sour, and savory flavors makes this soup a must-try for anyone visiting Xiangxi.

Tujia-Style Pickled Pork (土家腊肉)

Tujia-style Pickled Pork is a beloved dish in Xiangxi, where pork is preserved by pickling and drying. The pork is marinated in a mixture of soy sauce, garlic, ginger, and chili before being hung to dry in the open air. The preservation process imparts a rich, smoky flavor to the meat, which is then cooked in a variety of ways, often stir-fried with vegetables or used in soups. The distinctive aroma and intense flavors make Tujia-style Pickled Pork a unique delicacy in the region. It is often served with rice or as a part of a larger feast.

Spicy Grilled Fish (香辣烤鱼)

Spicy Grilled Fish is a highly popular dish in Xiangxi, where fresh fish is marinated with a blend of spices and chili peppers before being grilled to perfection. The fish is typically caught from the region’s rivers, which are known for their clean, fresh water. The grilling process infuses the fish with a smoky flavor, while the spicy marinade adds a fiery kick. This dish is often served with a side of pickled vegetables and rice, making it a hearty and satisfying meal.

Xiangxi Rice Noodles (湘西米粉)

Xiangxi Rice Noodles are a beloved staple in the region, known for their chewy texture and rich flavors. Made from rice flour, the noodles are thin and soft, served in a broth made with meat, typically pork or beef, along with herbs and spices. The dish is often topped with chili oil, garlic, and fresh vegetables. In some variations, the noodles are stir-fried, providing a different but equally delicious texture. This dish is commonly eaten as a quick breakfast or lunch and is a great representation of the region’s culinary simplicity and depth of flavor.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Xiangxi is from April to October when the weather is mild and pleasant. Spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) are particularly ideal for enjoying the region’s natural beauty, with comfortable temperatures and clear skies. Summer (June-August) can be hot, but it is perfect for experiencing local festivals and cultural events, such as the Miao New Year. However, be prepared for occasional rain, especially during the monsoon season (May to July).

Travel tips:

Weather: Pack light clothes for spring and summer, but also bring a light jacket for cooler evenings in autumn.

Language: While Mandarin is widely spoken, learning a few basic phrases in the local dialect can enhance your experience.

Cultural respect: When visiting ethnic villages, be respectful of local traditions and ask permission before taking photos of people.

About Transportation

Xiangxi’s transportation system is mainly based on roads, with buses and private vehicles being the most common modes of travel. The region is mountainous, so the roads can be winding and sometimes challenging, but they offer beautiful views along the way. The Jishou Airport serves the area with flights to major cities, though it has limited options. High-speed rail links are also available, connecting Xiangxi with other parts of Hunan and beyond. Public buses are available for intercity travel, and taxis are commonly used for short distances within towns. Expect some remote areas to require walking or local transport.

If your schedule is somewhat tight, we still recommend opting for a car rental. For detailed information on how to rent a car, please refer to our previous travel blog post.

A 3-day Road Trip Itinerary 

Day 1: Furong Town（芙蓉镇） and Aizhai Bridge（矮寨大桥）

Morning: Pick up your rental car and drive to Furong Town, known for its scenic waterfalls and traditional architecture. Explore the ancient wooden houses and the stunning Furong Waterfall.

Afternoon: After lunch, head towards Aizhai Bridge (approximately 2-2.5 hours by car). Stop to admire the breathtaking views and take photos of the world’s highest suspension bridge.

Evening: Drive to your hotel near Aizhai for the night, or if you prefer, continue to your next destination (about a 1.5-hour drive to Phoenix Ancient Town).

Day 2: Phoenix Ancient Town（凤凰古城）

Morning: Depart early for Phoenix Ancient Town. Wander through the charming cobbled streets, visit the riverside pavilions, and explore local markets.

Afternoon: Discover the history and culture of the Miao and Tujia ethnic minorities, try local delicacies, and visit the ancient city walls.

Evening: Enjoy the local nightlife, with lantern-lit streets and river views.

Day 3: Chadong Ancient Town（茶峒古镇） and Shibadong Village（十八洞村）

Morning: Drive to Chadong Ancient Town (around 2 hours). Visit Shen Congwen’s former residence and experience the town’s traditional atmosphere.

Afternoon: Continue to Shibadong Village (about 1.5 hours by car), where you can learn about the successful poverty alleviation project. Explore the village and its sustainable development efforts.

Evening: Return to your starting point or stay overnight in the area, reflecting on the cultural richness of your journey.

Traveling to Xiangxi offers a unique cultural and scenic experience, with ample opportunities for outdoor activities and cultural immersion.

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