Discover Hulunbuir（呼伦贝尔）: A Three-Day Journey Through Lakes, Rivers, Forests, and Borderlands
Hulunbuir, located in northeastern Inner Mongolia, is one of China’s most beautiful and unspoiled grassland regions. Known as the “kingdom of grasslands,” it offers vast open spaces, rolling green pastures, sparkling rivers, and clear blue skies. The Hulunbuir Grassland is considered among the best-preserved in the world, attracting travelers who want to experience the freedom and beauty of nature. Visitors can enjoy horseback riding, traditional Mongolian wrestling, and overnight stays in yurts, where they can taste authentic dairy products and roasted lamb while experiencing nomadic culture.
Beyond the grasslands, Hulunbuir also boasts rich natural diversity. The Hulun Lake, China’s fifth-largest freshwater lake, is a paradise for birdwatching and fishing. The winding Morigele River is famous for its picturesque curves, often described as “the first curved river of the world.” The Greater Khingan Mountains offer pristine forests, fresh air, and wildlife, making them perfect for hiking and eco-tours. Meanwhile, Manzhouli, a border city, presents a unique mix of Chinese, Russian, and Mongolian culture, reflected in its architecture, cuisine, and shopping.
The Places You Absolutely Must Visit：
Hulun Lake (呼伦湖)
click here to see the map pin📍
Hulun Lake, located in Inner Mongolia’s Hulunbuir grasslands, is the largest lake in northern China and one of the five largest freshwater lakes in the country. Often referred to as the “blue pearl on the grassland,” it stretches across 2,300 square kilometers, offering a vast and tranquil view of shimmering water against endless green meadows. The lake is an important ecological treasure, home to over 200 bird species, including swans, gulls, and rare migratory birds, making it a paradise for birdwatchers and photographers. In summer, the surrounding grasslands burst into life with wildflowers, grazing horses, and yurts dotting the horizon, creating the quintessential image of the Mongolian steppe.
Beyond its natural beauty, Hulun Lake is also a hub of local culture and livelihood. Fishermen still practice traditional fishing methods, and visitors can taste freshly caught fish prepared in authentic Mongolian styles. The lake has long been a meeting place of different ethnic groups, including Mongols, Russians, and Daurs, creating a unique cultural blend. Boat rides, horse riding along the shore, and watching the sunset over the vast expanse of water are unforgettable experiences. Hulun Lake is not just a scenic destination but also a place to feel the harmony between nature and culture on the steppe.
Morigele River (莫日格勒河)
click here to see the map pin📍
The Morigele River, known as the “First Curved River of the Grasslands,” is one of the most beautiful rivers in Inner Mongolia. Its serpentine curves weave gracefully across the Hulunbuir prairie, resembling a silver ribbon flowing endlessly through the green. From above, the river’s bends form stunning natural patterns, making it a favorite subject for aerial photography. The banks of the river are covered with lush pastures where herds of cattle, sheep, and horses graze freely, offering travelers a glimpse of the idyllic pastoral lifestyle. In summer, the river sparkles under the clear blue sky, while in autumn the golden grasslands contrast beautifully with its winding waters.
The river is closely tied to the lives of local herders and nomadic traditions. It is common to see yurts set up along the banks, with families welcoming visitors to taste dairy products or join in Mongolian songs and dances. Horseback riding across the river plains is a highlight, allowing travelers to experience the freedom of the steppe. As the sun sets, the Morigele River reflects hues of orange and gold, creating one of the most romantic sceneries in Inner Mongolia. For anyone seeking the essence of the grasslands — open skies, winding rivers, and timeless traditions — the Morigele River is a must-visit.
Mo’erdaoga (莫尔道嘎)
click here to see the map pin📍
Mo’erdaoga National Forest Park, located in the Greater Khingan Mountains, is China’s northernmost forest park and a hidden gem of Inner Mongolia. The name “Mo’erdaoga” comes from the Mongolian language, meaning “the place where the horses set out,” reflecting the region’s deep ties to nomadic culture. The park is renowned for its pristine forests of birch, pine, and larch, which cover rolling hills and valleys. Each season transforms the landscape: spring brings fresh greenery, summer offers cool retreats, autumn dazzles with red and golden foliage, and winter turns the area into a snow-covered wonderland. The biodiversity here is rich, with rare wildlife such as moose, black bears, and red-crowned cranes inhabiting the forest.
Visitors to Mo’erdaoga can enjoy a variety of outdoor activities, from hiking and horseback riding to forest camping and river rafting. In autumn, it is one of the best spots in China to admire fall colors, with panoramic views that rival those of Canada or Russia. The local Ewenki people, one of China’s smallest ethnic minorities, still maintain aspects of their reindeer-herding traditions, giving travelers the chance to experience a unique cultural heritage. For those seeking peace, adventure, and cultural discovery, Mo’erdaoga offers an escape into one of China’s most unspoiled natural sanctuaries.
Manzhouli (满洲里)
click here to see the map pin📍
Manzhouli is a fascinating border city where China, Russia, and Mongolia meet, blending cultures, languages, and architectural styles into one vibrant destination. Known as China’s “Window to Russia,” the city is famous for its Russian-style buildings, onion-domed churches, and colorful streets that make visitors feel as if they have stepped into Eastern Europe. Manzhouli’s Matryoshka Square, featuring giant Russian nesting dolls, is an iconic landmark and a popular photo spot. At night, the city lights up with dazzling neon signs, lively music, and bustling nightlife, reflecting its role as a hub of trade and cultural exchange.
Beyond its urban charm, Manzhouli offers a variety of experiences for travelers. The Hulun Lake is only a short drive away, making it easy to combine nature and city exploration. Local cuisine is another highlight — visitors can taste Russian borscht, Mongolian lamb dishes, and Chinese northern-style dumplings, all in one meal. Shopping is also a draw, with Russian goods, furs, and crafts widely available. Border tourism is an added attraction, where visitors can glimpse across to Russia at the border gate. With its unique blend of cultures, architecture, and cuisines, Manzhouli stands out as one of China’s most distinctive and cosmopolitan frontier cities.
Hulunbuir Cuisine
Hulunbuir’s cuisine reflects the nomadic traditions of the Mongolian steppe and the multicultural influences of China’s borderlands. Local food is hearty, emphasizing meat, dairy, and grains to sustain life on the grasslands. Lamb and beef are staples, often roasted, stewed, or made into dumplings. Fresh dairy products such as milk tea, cheese, and yogurt are daily essentials. Fish from Hulun Lake adds variety, while Russian and Manchu elements enrich local flavors. Meals highlight natural ingredients and simple preparation, preserving the original taste of food and offering visitors both authenticity and cultural depth.
Roasted Whole Lamb (烤全羊)
Roasted Whole Lamb is the most iconic dish of Hulunbuir, symbolizing hospitality and festivity. A whole lamb is marinated with salt, garlic, onion, and traditional spices before being slowly roasted over an open fire. The process creates tender meat with a golden, crispy skin, offering both rich aroma and deep flavor. It is usually served during important celebrations such as weddings, festivals, or when welcoming honored guests. Eating roasted lamb is not only about food but also about sharing Mongolian culture. Guests are often offered the first slice of lamb by the host, a gesture of respect. Accompanied by dairy drinks like milk tea or kumis, this dish showcases the grassland lifestyle and the importance of sheep in local life. For travelers, enjoying roasted whole lamb is both a culinary highlight and a cultural experience that embodies the spirit of Hulunbuir hospitality.
Hulun Lake Fish Feast (呼伦湖全鱼宴)
The Hulun Lake Fish Feast highlights the abundance of China’s fifth-largest freshwater lake. Known for its clean waters, Hulun Lake provides a variety of fish such as carp, pike, and catfish. Local chefs prepare the feast in multiple styles: braised, steamed, boiled in soup, or grilled with simple seasonings. The dishes emphasize freshness and the natural sweetness of the fish. One signature preparation is “boiled fish in milk soup,” reflecting the fusion of Mongolian dairy culture with freshwater ingredients. This feast not only delights the palate but also illustrates the close relationship between local people and their natural environment. Traditionally, families and friends gather to share different fish dishes, celebrating community and abundance. For visitors, the Hulun Lake Fish Feast is a must-try experience, combining rich flavors, cultural symbolism, and the unique ecological charm of the grasslands and lakeside traditions of Hulunbuir.
Mongolian Milk Tea & Dairy Delicacies (蒙古奶茶与奶制品)
Milk tea is a daily essential in Hulunbuir, embodying nomadic life on the grasslands. Unlike sweet milk tea elsewhere, Mongolian milk tea is savory, made by boiling brick tea with milk and sometimes adding salt or butter. It is warming, nourishing, and perfect for the region’s cold climate. Alongside tea, dairy products play a vital role in the local diet. Yogurt, dried curds, cheese, and milk skin are common household items. These foods are rich in nutrients, offering energy and warmth to herders. Sharing milk tea with guests is a symbol of hospitality, while dairy snacks reflect a lifestyle deeply tied to livestock. For visitors, tasting these products reveals both the practicality and cultural meaning of grassland cuisine. The unique salty-smooth flavor of Mongolian milk tea and the natural richness of handmade dairy delicacies leave a lasting impression of Hulunbuir’s nomadic traditions.
Hand-Grasped Mutton (手把肉)
Hand-grasped mutton is perhaps the most traditional way locals enjoy lamb. Freshly slaughtered sheep are cut into large chunks and boiled simply with water and salt. No heavy seasoning is used, preserving the pure flavor of the meat. Once cooked, the tender mutton is eaten with hands, often dipped in a mixture of salt, garlic, or sauce. The dish reflects the straightforward lifestyle of herders, where practicality and authenticity matter more than complexity. Eating hand-grasped mutton is a communal activity, with family and friends gathering around to share. It symbolizes unity, equality, and respect for food. Visitors are encouraged to eat as locals do—picking meat with hands and savoring its natural taste. This dish perfectly represents Hulunbuir’s food culture: honest, hearty, and deeply connected to nomadic life on the vast grasslands.
Best Time to Visit
Summer, from June to August, is the most popular season. The grasslands reach their peak, turning into an endless sea of green dotted with colorful wildflowers. This is the ideal time to experience horseback riding, traditional Naadam festivals, and stay in Mongolian yurts under starry skies. The climate is mild, with average temperatures between 18°C and 21°C, making outdoor activities comfortable and refreshing.
Autumn, from September to early October, is equally breathtaking. The forests of Arxan and Mo’erdaoga transform into a golden canvas of birch, poplar, and larch trees, creating some of China’s most stunning fall scenery. The air is crisp, the sky is crystal clear, and it is the best season for photography. Winter, from November to February, offers snow-covered grasslands and ice festivals, though temperatures drop sharply, appealing mainly to adventure seekers.
Overall, summer and early autumn are considered the best times for travelers who want to experience both natural beauty and local culture at their fullest.
Transportation in Hulunbuir
Once in Hulunbuir, getting around usually requires long-distance travel across grasslands, forests, and border towns. Public transportation within the region is limited, so most visitors choose to hire private cars or join local tours. Renting a car with a driver is especially popular, as distances between scenic spots can be several hours, and road signs are not always easy to follow for first-time visitors.
During summer, roads are generally in good condition, but in winter, heavy snow and icy conditions may cause delays, so planning extra time is recommended. For shorter distances within towns like Hailar or Manzhouli, taxis are convenient and inexpensive.
In summary, traveling in Hulunbuir usually involves a mix of flights, trains, and private car journeys, making it essential to plan transportation in advance for a smooth experience.
A 3-day Itinerary for Hulunbuir
Day 1: Hulun Lake（呼伦湖）
Begin your journey with a visit to Hulun Lake, one of the largest freshwater lakes in northern China, often called the “blue pearl of the grasslands.” Spend the morning enjoying a boat ride or a lakeside walk, taking in the vast expanse of shimmering water and surrounding grasslands. Wildlife enthusiasts will appreciate spotting birds and unique lake fish.
In the afternoon, you can explore nearby fishing villages and taste freshly caught local specialties, such as grilled fish. As the sun sets, the golden light over the water creates an unforgettable view. In the evening, stay in a local yurt or lakeside guesthouse for a true steppe experience.
Day 2: Morigele River（莫日格勒河） and Mo’erdaoga（莫尔道嘎）
In the morning, head to the Morigele River, known as the “first curved river of the grasslands.” The meandering waters create a stunning contrast with the endless green meadows. You can ride horses along the riverside, try photography at scenic lookouts, or simply relax by the riverbanks and watch herds of sheep grazing.
Continue your journey to Mo’erdaoga National Forest Park, the only national forest park on the Hulunbuir grassland. Explore its dense forests, wooden pathways, and lookout towers. This is the perfect place to enjoy fresh air, hiking trails, and a quiet break from the open plains. Stay overnight in Mo’erdaoga to experience the tranquility of the forest.
Day 3: Manzhouli（满洲里）
On your final day, travel to Manzhouli, a fascinating border city where Chinese, Russian, and Mongolian cultures meet. Begin by visiting the famous Matryoshka Square, decorated with giant Russian nesting dolls, which makes for unique photos and a cultural introduction.
Spend the afternoon exploring the city center with its Russian-style architecture, lively shopping streets, and local delicacies that blend flavors from three countries. Don’t miss the night view of Manzhouli — the city lights give it a distinctly European feel, offering a perfect ending to your Hulunbuir journey.
Overall, Hulunbuir offers travelers a blend of stunning natural scenery and rich cultural experiences, making it an ideal destination for those seeking both adventure and tranquility.
